WAR

WAR

       World War I, also known as the Great War, was a global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918. It involved many countries and empires, resulting in massive loss of life and widespread destruction. Causes of the war are assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Imperialism and nationalism and militarism and alliances. Some of the major events in world war 1 are trench warfare, introduction of new technologies (tanks, machine guns, poison gas), sinking of the Lusitania and US entry into the war.

        Consequences of war over 37 million casualties (deaths and injuries). Russian Revolution and rise of communism. Redrawing of national borders. Seeds sown for World War II.

        World War I involved many prominent leaders and figures. Some notable ones include are Woodrow Wilson (USA) advocated for the League of Nations and played a key role in post-war negotiations. David Lloyd George (UK) served as Prime Minister during the war and played a significant role in the Paris Peace Conference. Georges Clemenceau (France) led France during the war and was a key figure in the Treaty of Versailles negotiations. Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany) the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, whose decisions contributed to the outbreak of war. Vladimir Lenin (Russia) seized power during the Russian Revolution, partly fueled by the war's impact on Russia.

       Some notable military leaders include are General Douglas Haig (UK) played a significant role in British military strategy. General Ferdinand Foch (France) served as Supreme Commander of Allied Forces. General Erich Ludendorff (Germany) played a crucial role in German military strategy. These individuals, among others, shaped the course and outcome of World War I.

        The Russian Revolution refers to a pair of revolutions that took place in Russia in 1917, which had a profound impact on Russian and world history. The February Revolution led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a provisional government. Later, the October Revolution (also known as the Bolshevik Revolution or the Great October Socialist Revolution) saw the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, seize power and establish the world's first socialist state.

        The Russian Revolution had far-reaching consequences, including the end of the Romanov dynasty and the Russian monarchy. The establishment of the Soviet Union. A significant impact on global politics, inspiring socialist and communist movements worldwide.

       The world after World War II underwent significant changes, shaping the modern era.  Some key developments Cold War the ideological rivalry between the United States (Western bloc) and the Soviet Union (Eastern bloc) dominated global politics. The division led to the formation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Warsaw Pact. United Nations was established in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations. It played a crucial role in mediating conflicts and addressing global issues. Decolonization European powers weakened by the war accelerated the process of decolonization in Asia and Africa.            

         Many countries gained independence, leading to the emergence of new nations. Economic Rebuilding the Marshall Plan helped rebuild Western European economies. Japan experienced rapid economic growth, becoming a major global economy. Nuclear Age the use of atomic bombs marked the beginning of the nuclear age, raising concerns about global security and leading to nuclear arms races. Human Rights and International Law the Nuremberg Trials held Nazi leaders accountable for war crimes. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) set a global standard for human rights. Division of Germany was divided into East Germany (Soviet-controlled) and West Germany (Allied-controlled), symbolizing the Cold War division. Globalization the post-war period saw increased global trade, communication, and cultural exchange, laying the foundation for modern globalization. Technological Advancements advances in technology, including space exploration, computing, and medicine, transformed society and the economy. Shifting Global Power Dynamics, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, while Europe and other regions rebuilt and redefined their roles in the world.

        The Philippines played a role in World War I, albeit limited compared to other countries. The Philippines was a US territory at the time, having been ceded by Spain to the United States in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. The Philippines contributed to the war effort through Filipino soldiers serving in the US Army's Philippine Scouts and Philippine Constabulary, some Filipinos fought in various theaters, including Europe and the Middle East. The Philippines provided supplies, such as food and materials, to support the US war effort. US military bases in the Philippines, like Fort Stoltenberg (now Clark Air Base), served as staging areas for troops and supplies. 

        The war had a relatively minor impact on the Philippines, but it did contribute to the country's growing sense of nationalism and desire for independence. The US government began to consider granting the Philippines independence, which eventually led to the passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934, paving the way for Philippine independence in 1946.

       The Philippines' role in World War I was significant in the context of its own history, as it marked one of the country's early contributions to global conflicts and laid the groundwork for its future relationships with the United States and other nations.

      The Philippines' history during World War I is closely tied to its status as a US territory at the pre-War Period (1914-1917) the Philippines was a US territory, governed by the Philippine Commission and later the Philippine Legislature. The country's economy was largely dependent on agriculture and trade with the United States.

       Philippine Contribution to the War Effort (1917-1918). In 1917, the US Congress passed the Philippine Act, which allowed for the recruitment of Filipinos into the US Army. The Philippine Constabulary, a paramilitary force, was also mobilized to support the US war effort. Filipino soldiers served in various theaters, including Europe and the Middle East, as part of the US Expeditionary Forces.

       War got limited impact on the Philippines (1914-1918). The war had a relatively minor impact on the Philippines, with no major battles fought on its soil. However, the country's economy was affected by the war, with trade disruptions and shortages of certain goods. Aftermath and Road to Independence (1918-1946) war marked a turning point in the Philippines' relationship with the United States, as the country began to push for greater autonomy and eventual independence. The US government responded with the Jones Act of 1916, which provided for greater Philippine autonomy, and the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, which paved the way for Philippine independence in 1946.

       The Philippines' experience during World War I was shaped by its colonial status and its relationship with the United States. While the country did not play a major role in the war, it did contribute to the US war effort and laid the groundwork for its future path to independence.

      Some prominent people in the Philippines during World War I. The Philippines has a rich history of national heroes who fought for the country's independence and freedom. Some of the most notable ones are José Rizal a physician, poet, and writer who inspired the Philippine nationalist movement. He's known for his novels "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo", which exposed the evils of Spanish rule. He was Philippines’ national hero. Andres Bonifacio the founder and leader of the Katipunan, a secret society that sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. He's known for his bravery and advocacy for total independence. He was known as “the great paralytic.” When he was young, he got polio. Emilio Aguinaldo a Filipino leader and politician who played a key role in the country's fight for independence from Spain and the United States. He was the first president of the Philippine Republic. Apolinario Mabini a thinker and statesman who prepared the constitution for the short-lived republic of 1898-1899. He advocated for cooperation with the US to gain independence from Spain. Marcelo H. del Pilar a writer, lawyer, and journalist who was a key figure in the Propaganda Movement. He advocated for reforms and exposed the injustices of Spanish rule. Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat a Muslim leader who resisted Spanish colonization in Mindanao. He's remembered for his bravery and leadership. Juan Luna a painter and sculptor who was a key figure in the Philippine Revolution. His artwork often contained political commentary and promoted Filipino nationalism. Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora) known as the "Mother of the Revolution", she provided food and shelter to Katipuneros and cared for the wounded. Her bravery and defiance against Spanish authorities inspired many. Gabriela Silang: A fierce Ilocano warrior who took over as commander of rebel troops after her husband's death Diego Silang. She fought bravely against Spanish forces and is remembered for her courage and determination.

        Political Leaders like Manuel L. Quezon President of the Philippine Senate and a key figure in the country's fight for independence. He played a crucial role in organizing the Philippine National Guard to support the US war effort. Francis B. Harrison: Governor-General of the Philippines from 1913 to 1921, known for his support of Philippine independence and his role in implementing the Philippine Autonomy Act. Woodrow Wilson US President who appointed Harrison as Governor-General and promised Philippine independence once Filipinos proved capable of self-government.

        War heroes like Tomas Claudio the first Filipino to die in World War I, Claudio served in the US Army and was posthumously honored as a hero. He was a member of the 41st Infantry Division that sailed to France in December 1917. Andres P. Dadizon a Filipino soldier who fought in France and was killed in action on July 31, 1918. A statue was erected in his honor in Leyte, near his hometown.

      Other Notable Figures like Sofia R. De Veyra wife of the Philippine resident commissioner to the United States, who christened the USS Rizal, a destroyer funded by the Philippine legislature. John J. Pershing American general who led the American Expeditionary Force to Europe and was offered a division of Filipino troops to fight under his command. Leonard Wood: Governor-General of the Philippines who disbanded the Philippine Air Service, a separate organization that was part of the Philippine National Guard. Herbert Hoover US Secretary who appealed for increased agricultural output to stave off world hunger, leading to a food campaign in the Philippines.

        The aftermath of World War II reshaped the world in profound ways, setting the stage for the modern geopolitical landscape. The world today is dynamic and constantly evolving. Global Politics ongoing developments in international relations, conflicts, and diplomacy efforts. Technology advancements in fields like artificial intelligence, space exploration, and cybersecurity. Environment, climate change, sustainability initiatives, and efforts to protect the planet. Economy shifts in global trade, economic trends, and market fluctuations. Social Issues discussions around human rights, social justice, and cultural movements

        World War II involved many prominent leaders and figures. Some notable ones include allied leaders are Winston Churchill (UK) served as Prime Minister during the war, rallying the British people with his speeches. Franklin D. Roosevelt (USA) led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II. Joseph Stalin (USSR) played a crucial role in the defeat of Nazi Germany. Charles de Gaulle (France) led the Free French Forces and played a key role in French resistance. Axis leaders like Adolf Hitler (Germany) the dictator of Nazi Germany, responsible for aggressive expansion and atrocities. Benito Mussolini (Italy) allied Italy with Germany and Japan. Hirohito (Japan) the Emperor of Japan during the war.

       Other notable figures like George S. Patton (USA) a prominent military leader known for his strategic brilliance. Dwight D. Eisenhower (USA) Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe. Erwin Rommel (Germany) a skilled field marshal known as the "Desert Fox." These individuals, among others, significantly influenced the course and outcome of World War II.

        General Douglas MacArthur was a renowned American general who played a significant role in World War II and the Korean War. Some facts about his life and career born on January 26, 1880, in Little Rock Barracks, Arkansas. Son of Medal of Honor recipient Arthur MacArthur Jr. Graduated first in his class at West Point in 1903. Served with distinction in World War I as chief of staff of the 42nd Division and commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade. Served as Supreme Commander of the Southwest Pacific Area during World War II, leading campaigns in the Philippines and New Guinea. Accepted Japan's surrender on September 2, 1945, and oversaw the country's occupation and demilitarization. Led the United Nations Command in the Korean War from 1950 to 1951. Awarded the Medal of Honor for his defense of the Philippines in World War II. Received the Distinguished Service Cross twice and the Silver Star seven times. Promoted to General of the Army, one of only five people to hold this rank.         The Japanese invasion of the Philippines occurred on December 8, 1941, just ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor. This marked the beginning of a brutal occupation that lasted until the end of World War II in 1945. The invasion started with aerial bombardment, followed by landings of ground troops north and south of Manila. The defending Philippine and US troops, led by General Douglas MacArthur, were vastly outnumbered and outgunned. Despite fierce resistance, the Japanese captured key locations, including Bataan (April 9, 1942) and Corregidor (May 6, 1942). The Japanese forced approximately 80,000 prisoners of war to march 105 kilometers to Camp O'Donnell prison camp, resulting in an estimated 7,000 to 10,000 deaths. This march called “The Death Match of Bataan.” 

        Philippine resistance forces, including the Hukbalahap, controlled around 60% of the islands, mostly forested and mountainous areas. They received supplies and support from General MacArthur through submarines. The Japanese military committed numerous war crimes, including forced labor, torture, and massacres. The "comfort women" system, which forced women into sexual slavery, was also implemented. Japanese doctors and surgeons performed gruesome experiments on Filipino civilians, including amputations, dissections, and vivisections.

        General MacArthur fulfilled his promise to return to the Philippines on October 20, 1944, with a massive force of 700 vessels and 174,000 men. The largest naval battle in World War II took place from October 23 to 26, 1944, resulting in a decisive Allied victory. The Japanese occupation ended with the formal surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945, after intense fighting and significant loss of life on both sides.

     The phrase "I shall return" is famously associated with General Douglas MacArthur, who led the Allied forces in the Pacific during World War II. After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in 1942, MacArthur was forced to evacuate to Australia, where he made a promise to the Filipino people. On March 20, 1942, MacArthur said, "I came through and I shall return." He repeated this promise in various forms, including in a speech on July 26, 1942, when he said, "I shall return." MacArthur fulfilled his promise on October 20, 1944, when he landed at Leyte Gulf in the Philippines, marking the beginning of the Allied campaign to retake the islands from Japanese occupation. This moment was a significant turning point in the war and a testament to MacArthur's determination and leadership. 

    General Douglas MacArthur was relieved of his command in Korea by President Harry S. Truman in April 1951 due to disagreements over war strategy The Battle of Yultong, fought from April 22 to 23, 1951, was a pivotal engagement during the Korean War. Once General Douglas MacArthur once said “give me 10,000 Filipino soldier and I will conquer the world. In the battle of Yultong, 900 Filipino soldiers from the 10th Battalion Combat Team (BCT) of the Philippine Expeditionary Force to Korea (PEFTOK) clashed with approximately 15,000-40,000 Chinese soldiers from the 34th Division, 12th Army, and 44th Division, 15th Army, of the People's Volunteer Army (PVA). Despite being vastly outnumbered, the Filipino forces emerged victorious, inflicting over 500 casualties on the Chinese army, while the 10th BCT suffered 12 killed, 38 wounded, and 6 missing.         Prominent figure in the battle of Yultong are Dionisio S. Ojeda led the 10th BCT during the battle. Conrado Yap posthumously awarded the Philippine Medal of Valor for his bravery in leading a counterattack to rescue wounded soldiers. Jose Artiaga Jr. awarded the Philippine Distinguished Conduct Star for his defense of Yultong Hill.

        The Battle of Yultong was significant in the Korean War, showcasing the bravery and resilience of Filipino soldiers and contributing to the UN's efforts to push back the Chinese forces. The battle cemented the Philippines' and South Korea's friendship, which remains strong to this day.

       Prominent Filipinos in World War II like Manuel L. Quezon President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II, Quezon led the government-in-exile and played a crucial role in shaping the country's resistance against Japanese occupation. Sergio Osmeña Quezon's successor as President, Osmeña continued the fight for Philippine independence and worked closely with US forces to liberate the country. José P. Laurel President of the Japanese-sponsored Second Philippine Republic, Laurel's leadership was marked by controversy and collaboration with the Japanese. Luis Taruc a key figure in the Hukbalahap movement, Taruc led guerrilla operations against Japanese forces and advocated for agrarian reform. Emilio Aguinaldo although his role was complex and sometimes contentious, Aguinaldo's leadership in the Philippine Revolution against Spain and his involvement in World War II resistance efforts are notable. Benigno Aquino Sr. a politician who served as Speaker of the National Assembly during the Japanese occupation, his legacy is complex due to his collaboration with the Japanese. Vicente Lim a Filipino general who fought against the Japanese invasion and was executed for his involvement in the resistance movement.

         After the world war ll there still more attack that shocked the world. This attack was cause by the terrorism. Until now some countries were at war. Example of terrorist attack was the 9/11 attack was a pivotal moment in modern history. On September 11, 2001, a series of coordinated terrorist attacks were carried out in the United States, resulting in the loss of thousands of lives and significant global impact. 

       The 9/11 attacks had a profound impact on global politics, security, and society. Some effects include Global War on Terror launched by the US, leading to conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. Increased security measures enhanced airport security, surveillance, and intelligence gathering. Shift in international relations changes in global alliances, diplomacy, and cooperation. Impact on civil liberties debates around balancing security and individual freedoms. Long-term psychological impact like trauma, fear and ongoing anxiety for many.

        The 9/11 attacks were carried out by a group of terrorists affiliated with Al-Qaeda. The investigation and official reports concluded that the attacks were planned and coordinated by Osama bin Laden and other Al-Qaeda leaders.

       There have been various terrorist groups throughout history, each with distinct ideologies, goals, and methods. Some examples include ISIS (Islamic State) known for brutal tactics and attempts to establish a caliphate. Al-Qaeda responsible for attacks like 9/11, aiming to establish a global Islamic caliphate. Taliban operating primarily in Afghanistan, seeking to impose strict Islamic law. Hamas Palestinian group involved in conflicts with Israel. Boko Haram operating in Nigeria, opposed to Western education.

        The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a longstanding dispute over land and self-determination in the territory of the former Mandatory Palestine. Territorial Disputes Israel's occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and the status of Jerusalem. Refugee Crisis Palestinian refugees' right of return and compensation for lost properties. Security Concerns Israel's security measures, including the West Bank barrier, and Palestinian militant attacks. Human Rights allegations of human rights abuses, including restrictions on movement and economic development in Palestinian territories.

       2023 Gaza War a recent escalation of violence between Israel and Hamas-led armed groups in Gaza resulted in significant casualties and displacement. International Court of Justice Ruling: In July 2024, the ICJ ruled that Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories is illegal and that it should withdraw from the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

        Historical context Zionism and Palestinian Nationalism the conflict began in the late 19th century with the rise of Zionism and Palestinian Arab nationalism. 1948 Arab-Israeli War Israel declared independence, leading to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, known as the Nakba or "catastrophe" in Arabic. Occupation and Settlements Israel's occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip since 1967 has led to the establishment of Israeli settlements and restrictions on Palestinian movement.

        The conflict remains unresolved, with various attempts at peace negotiations and agreements, including the Oslo Accords and the Arab Peace Initiative, ultimately failing to achieve a lasting resolution.

       The Israel-Palestine agreement refers to a recent ceasefire and hostage-for-prisoner release deal between Israel and Hamas. Phased Agreement the deal is divided into multiple stages, with the first phase involving the release of 33 Israeli hostages in exchange for hundreds of Palestinian prisoners. Partial Withdrawal Israel will partially withdraw its forces from Gaza, including the Netzarim corridor, but maintain a security buffer zone along its perimeter. Second Phase negotiations for the second phase will begin 16 days after the start of the deal, focusing on releasing remaining male Israeli hostages and captured soldiers.

         Logic Behind the Deal both sides can claim to have stuck to their core demands, with Israel insisting that the deal doesn't mean ending the war while Hamas is still standing, and Hamas understanding that the deal points towards a full Israeli withdrawal. Humanitarian impact the ceasefire allows for a pause in hostilities, surge in aid into Gaza, and potentially prevents further harm to civilians. Challenges ahead the deal's longevity is uncertain, with factors like Israeli politics, Hamas' actions on the ground, and the new US administration's stance influencing its success. Reception a clear majority of Israelis support the deal, particularly its first phase, while the far-right government ministers have vociferously objected. US Involvement the incoming Trump administration reportedly played a crucial role in conveying the urgency and importance of the ceasefire to Netanyahu.

        The terrorist attack referring occurred on October 7, 2023, when Hamas and other Palestinian militant groups launched a surprise attack on Israel. Hamas militants breached the Gaza-Israel barrier, attacking military bases and massacring civilians in 21 communities. They used rockets, paragliders, and motorcycles to infiltrate Israel. 1,195 people were killed, including 736 Israeli civilians, 79 foreign nationals, and 379 security forces. Many hostages were taken, including civilians and soldiers. The attack was widely condemned, with many countries labeling it as terrorism. Some Arab and Muslim-majority countries blamed Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories as the root cause.

      The attack was allegedly in response to Israel's occupation, blockade of Gaza, and rising settler violence. Hamas has been designated a terrorist organization by several countries. The attack was one of the deadliest in Israel's history, and it sparked a significant escalation of violence in the region. This attack cause death of most of the Jewish specially the Messianic Jews.

         Hezbollah is a Shia Islamist political party and militant group based in Lebanon. Hezbollah was founded in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War, with support from Iran. Its ideology is rooted in Shia Islam and it is strongly influenced by the Iranian Revolution. Hezbollah's primary goal is to promote Shia interests and resist Israeli and Western influence in the region. Hezbollah has been involved in several conflicts, including the Lebanese Civil War and wars against Israel. It has a powerful military wing and has used guerrilla tactics and rocket attacks against Israeli targets. Hezbollah is a significant political force in Lebanon, with representation in the country's parliament and government. It has also played a role in Lebanese politics and society, providing social services and support to its constituents. Hezbollah is considered a terrorist organization by several countries, including the United States, Canada, and Israel. However, it has also received support from countries like Iran and Syria. Hezbollah has been involved in the Syrian Civil War, supporting the Syrian government, and has also been engaged in tensions with Israel along the Lebanese border.

       Most of the leader on these terrorist group was been killed during the air strike. Hamas and Hezbollah keep firing missiles to Israel that continues to cause damage to property and killing. Although most of the missiles was intercepted the debris and shrapnel that falling can cause damage. What worst when Israel does counter strike to Hamas and Hezbollah that killed their leaders, they blaming Israel for their counter attack. When they killed Israeli, they are rejoicing. Shielding their own people for their protection.

      Corrupt government official earning money because of this war. In front, they go against it but behind the doors they prolonged the war. Rich countries funding terrorist. Terrorist was being shelter on their luxurious hotels. Even media they are being bribed. Many inside stories media never reported. Truth became lies and lies become truth. 

     When this war will be ended? How many more innocent lives will lose? How many more family will be separated from each other? How many more children will be orphan? How many more parent will lose children?